Can ChatGPT Be Used as a Therapist? Risks and Opportunities

Is the Era of AI Therapy Beginning?

ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI and groundbreaking in natural language processing, is increasingly being tested by users as a psychological support tool. Factors such as low cost, 24/7 accessibility, and anonymity are directing individuals, especially those struggling to access traditional therapy services, toward these AI chatbots. However, this trend also brings profound ethical and clinical questions to the field of mental health.

Opportunities: Accessibility and Instant Support

The most appealing aspect of ChatGPT's therapeutic use is the accessibility it offers. Without geographical or financial constraints, fear of stigma, or appointment waiting times, users can instantly reach a "listener" in moments of emotional distress. The tool can provide information on basic emotional expression, stress management techniques, and ask thought-provoking questions. These features can play a supportive role for mild-to-moderate daily troubles and psycho-education.

Risks and Serious Limitations

However, ChatGPT cannot replace a therapist, and using it in this way carries serious risks. Here are the most critical dangers:

• Incorrect or Harmful Advice: ChatGPT cannot guarantee medical or clinical accuracy. In serious situations like depression, anxiety, or suicidal thoughts, it may produce incorrect, incomplete, or potentially harmful responses.
• Lack of Context and Human Empathy: The deep connection, empathy, intuitive understanding, and therapeutic alliance provided by a real therapist cannot be imitated by an AI model. ChatGPT cannot fully grasp the emotional tone and nuances behind a conversation.
• Privacy and Data Security Concerns: Uncertainty remains about how the extremely personal and sensitive information shared is processed, stored, and used. This poses a significant risk of privacy violation and data misuse.
• Absence of Clinical Oversight: Unlike licensed therapists, AI lacks professional training, clinical judgment, and the ability to intervene in crisis situations or make referrals to appropriate services.
• Risk of Dependency: Relying on an AI for emotional support may delay seeking necessary professional help, potentially worsening mental health conditions over time.

Expert Recommendations and Future Outlook

Mental health professionals emphasize that AI chatbots should only serve as supplementary tools, not replacements for human therapy. They recommend using such platforms for initial support, psycho-education, or as a bridge to professional care, while always seeking licensed help for serious conditions. The future may see regulated "AI-assisted therapy" models where technology supports clinicians, but ethical frameworks and strict regulations are essential first steps.